Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence, morbidity, and fatality rate. Liver cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer in the world, with HCC accounting for over 80% of cases. HCC advances quickly, and there is currently no cure for advanced HCC. Tetraspanins are a type of protein that has four transmembrane domains. 33 tetraspanins are found on the surface of most nucleated cells and are involved in a variety of biological processes.
In this study, we outline the roles of tetraspanins and their underlying
mechanisms throughout the HCC life cycle, from start to progression to therapy.
CD9, TSPAN15, and TSPAN31 are all known to increase HCC cell proliferation
while also decreasing apoptosis. CD63, CD151, and TSPAN8 may help HCC spread in
some way, while CD82 acts as a metastasis suppressor. TSPAN1, TSPAN8, and CD151
are prognostic indicators that have been shown to be inversely linked with HCC
patients' overall survival rates. We also highlight the tetraspanin family's
potential as a novel therapeutic target and a solution to drug resistance, as
well as various research directions.
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